4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 (4-HNE-GSH-d3) contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-hydroxy nonenal glutathione by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. Peroxidation of common ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid can give rise to 4-HNE. 4-HNE is rapidly removed by its metabolism, with major products being 1,4-dihydroxynonene (DHN), 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA), and conjugated products.1,2,3
1
Laurent, A., Alary, J., Debrauwer, L., et al. Analysis in the rat of 4-hydroxynonenal metabolites excreted in bile: Evidence of enterohepatic circulation of these byproducts of lipid peroxidation. Chem Res Toxicol 12 887-894 (1999).
2
Siems, W., and Grune, T. Intracellular metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal. Mol Aspects Med 24 167-175 (2003).
3
Siems, W., Crifo, C., Capuozzo, E., et al. Metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 503 248-252 (2010).
